Anxiety is a generalized mood condition that can often occur without an identifiable triggering stimulus. As such, it is distinguished from fear, which is an emotional response to a perceived threat. Additionally, fear is related to the specific behaviors of escape and avoidance, whereas anxiety is related to situations perceived as uncontrollable or unavoidable. Another view defines anxiety as “a future-oriented mood state in which one is ready or prepared to attempt to cope with upcoming negative events”, suggesting that it is a distinction between future vs. present dangers which divides anxiety and fear. In a 2011 review of the literature, fear and anxiety were said to be differentiated in four domains: duration of emotional experience, temporal focus, specificity of threat, and motivated direction; fear was defined as short-lived, present-focused, geared towards a specific threat, and facilitating escape from threat while anxiety was defined as long-acting, future-focused, broadly focused towards a diffuse threat, and promoting caution while approaching a potential threat.

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